Change of Person
- He says,”I am writing a book.” (Direct Speech)
He says that he is writing a book. (Indirect Speech) - They say,”we don’t want any more.” (Direct Speech)
They say that they don’t want any more. (Indirect Speech) - She says to me, “You write a letter.” (Direct Speech)
She tells me that I write a letter. (Indirect Speech) - Rahim says to Karim, “You are my friend.” (Direct Speech)
Rahim tells Karim that he (Karim) is his friend. (Indirect Speech)
- Ramzan says “He is my friend.” (Direct Speech)
Ramzan says that he is his(Ramzan) friend. (Indirect Speech)
Change to Tense
- Zeenat will say,”I see a picture.” (Direct Speech)
Zeenat will say that she sees a picture. (Indirect Speech) - Husna says, “I love my childern.” (Direct Speech)
Husna says that she loves her childern. (Indirect Speech)
| Will | Changes into | Would |
| Shall | Changes into | Should/Would |
| May | Changes into | Might |
| Can | Changes into | Could |
| Do/Does | Changes into | Did |
| Today | Changes into | That day |
| Tonight | Changes into | That night |
| Last night | Changes into | The previous night |
| Hence | Changes into | Thence |
| Next day | Changes into | The following day |
| This | Changes into | That |
| Now | Changes into | Then |
| These | Changes into | Those |
| Here | Changes into | There |
| Thus | Changes into | To |
| Tomorrow | Changes into | The next day |
| Yesterday | Changes into | The previous day |
| Ago | Changes into | Before |
| Hither | Changes into | Thither |
| Just | Changes into | Then |
- The teacher said, “Honesty is the best policy.” (Direct Speech)
The teacher said that honesty is the best policy. (Indirect Speech) (Universal Truth) - The guide said, “Red Fort was built by shahjahan.” (Direct Speech)
The guide said that Red Fort was built by shahjahan. (Indirect Speech) (Historical Fact)
Interrogative sentences
- He said to me, “Can you help me?” (Direct Speech)
He asked me if I could help him. (Indirect Speech)
- Zahid said to me, “What is your name?” (Direct Speech)
Zahid asked me what my name was. (Indirect Speech)
Imperative Sentences
- He said to me, “Bring me a glass of water.”(Direct Speech)
He ordered me to bring him a glass of water. (Indirect Speech) - Zahid said to me, “Please help me.”(Direct Speech)
Zahid requested me to help him(Zahid).(Indirect Speech) - Razia said to me, “Do not go there.” (Direct Speech)
Razia forbade me to go there. (Indirect Speech)
- He said to me, “Let us take some rest.” (Direct Speech)
He proposed to me that we should take some rest. (Indirect Speech)
Optative Sentences
- She said, “O for a glass of water!” (Direct Speech)
She wished for a glass of water. (Indirect Speech) - He said to Zakir, “May Allah grant you long life!” (Direct Speech)
He Prayed that Allah might grant Zakir long life. (Indirect Speech)
Exclamatory Sentences
- They said , “Hurrah! we have won the match.” (Direct Speech)
The exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. (Indirect Speech) - She said, “Alas! my only son is dead.” (Direct Speech)
She exclaimed with sorrow that her only son was dead. (Indirect Speech) - He said to them, “Bravo! well done.” (Direct Speech)
He applauded them saying that they had done well. (Indirect Speech)
